What constitutes improper influence?

• A. Thorough research and independent analysis
• B. Honest advice that disagrees with client
• C. Pressure, incentives, or outside influence that would compromise independence or integrity
• D. Transparent fee discussions.

Answer: (C)

Improper influence occurs when outside pressure, incentives, or other meddling try to sway a lawyer’s independent judgment, risking the lawyer’s independence or integrity. This isn’t about doing good work or honest disagreement with a client; it’s about external forces trying to make the lawyer act for reasons other than the law and the client’s best interests. The other statements describe proper professional conduct: thorough research and independent analysis, honest advice even when it disagrees with the client’s wishes, and transparent fee discussions—all of which support, rather than undermine, independence. The described pressure or outside influence is what makes something improper.